Abstract for: Review of Sub-Models in Groundwater SD Models to Facilitate “Lego-Like” Modeling

The conceptualization of System Dynamics (SD) models is often described as both an art and a science. One approach frequently used by experienced modelers is the "lego-like" method, constructing models by assembling pre-validated sub-models. However, newcomers often face challenges due to the lack of accessible, well-documented libraries of these sub-models. This study systematically reviews and categorizes socio-economic sub-models used in groundwater SD modeling. The sub-models are analyzed through the frameworks of generic structures and system archetypes. The goal is to create a modular library that supports newcomers in adopting the lego-like approach for more efficient model conceptualization. The study presents a library of modular socio-economic sub-models tailored to groundwater SD modeling. This resource enables modelers—particularly newcomers—to break down complex systems into manageable components. The library promotes structured model-building, enhances conceptual clarity, and improves model reusability, facilitating the development of robust and scalable groundwater SD models. The study identifies several areas for future research: expanding the sub-model library, clarifying base-model selection criteria, improving integration methods, and applying the modular approach in diverse case studies. These steps will further strengthen the robustness and practical utility of groundwater SD modeling and support the broader adoption of SD methodologies. to improve the quality of writing